SOURCE - Spring 2025

S URCE

CALIFORNIA–NEVADA SECTION AWWA

SPRING 2025

2025

Success

Water

Conference

of the West

Member Lori Jones Inspires

the Next Generation of

Water Professionals

Building Better Chromium

Compliance Plans

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Water utilities gain appreciation

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Contents

SPRING 2025

14

16

22

32

IN THIS ISSUE:

6

8

10

12

From the Executive Director

Thank you Section Staff

Welcome New Members

Annual Report

Education Update

Host a CA-NV AWWA

Accredited Course or

Workshop at Your Agency

14

16

19

22

Member Spotlight

Member Lori Jones Inspires

the NExt Generation of

Water Professionals

Innovation Focus:

Chronium 6 Technologies

Building a Better Chromuim

Mouse Trap

How-to Guide: Achieving

Effective Hexavalent Chromium

Compliance Plans

Workforce Development

Are You Ready to Inspire

the Next Generation?

28

32

36

2025 Water Conference

of the West Wrap-up

The Happiest Place in Water

Congratulations to Our

Conference Champions!

Seen, Heard, Shared

at the Conference

www.ca-nv-awwa.org | SPRING 2025 5

From The Executive Director

A Round of Applause for the

Section’s Professional Staff

As you flip through this issue, you’ll

see our volunteers in action, learn about

outreach to high school students, take a

deep dive into Hexavalent Chromium

compliance, and browse ads featuring

the latest technologies and services.

You'll also find coverage and photos

from our highly successful Water

Conference of the West. As we stow

away conference items, pay the vendors,

and update planning tools for next time,

I'm filled with admiration and pride for

a job well done by staff and volunteers

in making this such a memorable event.

Hosting a major conference for 1,328

attendees that is bursting with exhibits,

technical sessions, competitions,

meetings, and networking events is

only one of the many tasks performed

by Section staff with guidance from our

dedicated volunteer leaders.

We operate programs in nine areas:

Membership Engagement, Philanthropy,

Events, Education, Certification,

Government Affairs, Grants & Special

Projects, Communication & Marketing,

and Administration.

Staff is here for you. They have a smile

and the info needed to support our 5,000

individual or organizational members,

65 volunteer units, and 638 active

committee members.

In 2024 alone, we processed more than

9,000 event registrations and over

9,500 certification items (applications,

renewals, and mailing the certificates).

Staff supports 56 certification exam

proctors and 11 instructors delivering

high-quality, IACET accredited

educational programs.

Through our student chapters and

philanthropic activities, such as Water

for People, we support an additional 150

volunteers and participants.

THANK YOU

SECTION STAFF!

Jenna Bland

Director Of Finance & Education

Shobhana Chickarmane

Accounting/Registration

Administrator

Jennifer Sandoval

Education Administrator

Alexis Enriquez

Administrative Assistant

Steven Garner

Director Of Certification

Gina Enriquez

Certification Supervisor

Danielle Hook

Communications

and Events Manager

Jen Mosburg

Senior Membership

and Events Specialist

Joseph Longobardi

Communications Intern

Nivetha Navaneethan

Administrative Intern

Ariana Rodriguez

Certification Intern

Professional associations are all about

the people. I’ve seen firsthand the

dedication and pride Section staff brings

to their work, and the ways they help

members and volunteer leaders succeed.

I am so proud of our amazing staff

and how well they coordinate millions

of details, achieve goals set by our

Governing Board, and make magic

happen day in and day out.

Let's give Section staff a huge thank you!

Sue Mosburg

Mission Statement

Dedicated to leading, educating, and serving

the water industry and our communities.

EXECUTIVE

COMMITTEE

CHAIR

Jim Elliott

CHAIR ELECT

Gordon Williams

VICE CHAIR

Yan Zhang

PAST CHAIR

Larry Lyford

ASSOCIATION DIRECTOR

Joy Eldredge

ASSOCIATION DIRECTOR

Andrew DeGraca

Dan Armendariz

Erin Mackey

Jack Bebee

TREASURER

Jenna Shimmin

SECRETARY

Sue Mosburg

TRUSTEES

DIRECTORS

CONFERENCE

Jacquelyn Parsons

EDUCATION

Donna DiLaura

CERTIFICATION BOARD

Robert Janowski

TECHNICAL PROGRAMS

Raha Shirkhani

DIVISION CHAIRS

UTILITY MANAGEMENT

Heritha Vendra

WATER RESOURCES

Danielle Blacet-Hyden

WATER QUALITY

Alex Chakmak

ENGINEERING

John Farley

OPERATORS

Ken Payne

Nathan Boyle

Rosemary Smud

Sepideh Shirkhani

COUNCILS

MANUFACTURERS

& ASSOCIATES COUNCIL

Rich Hopkins

MEMBER ENGAGEMENT

& DEVELOPMENT

Jenna Mariano

PHILANTHROPY COUNCIL

Gary Lynch

WATER UTILITY COUNCIL

Suzanne DeLorenzo

6 SOURCE | SPRING 2025 | www.ca-nv-awwa.org

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Members

Welcome New Section Members!

Abram Guajardo

Adrian johnson

Aiqian Sanders

Alden Kolasinac

Alec Mackie

Alejandra Sataray-Rodriguez

Alex Waite

Alex Munoz

Alisa Nichols

Alyssa Tocker

Aman Williamson

Amanda Dillard

Amelia Flores

Andrew Martinez

Arely Rodriguez

Ashley Kuwahara

Bansari Tailor

Bassam Kassab

Beck Gass

BellaNaomi Ostby

Ben Henderson

Benny Ruff

Brandon Goshi

Brandon Morales

Brandon Bishop

Brandon Segovia

Brent Patera

Bret Kadel

Bret Swain

Brett Barlow

Brian Lynn

Bryan Heinzelman

Bryan Fox

Bryan Payan

Carey Longley

Carlos Aleman

Carol Chen

Celestino Pasillas

Cezar Gamez

Charles Berotte

Charles Zhou

Chris Borjian

Chris Dumas

Chris Hawkins

Christian Zivelonghi

Christian Ochoa

Christina Olson

Christine Pham

Christy Colby

Cindy Fowlkes

Claudia Flores

Clayton Ono

Clifford Clark

Cora LeMar

Craig Corbell

Cynthia Page

Dana Jacobsen

Dana Moore

Daniel Ornelas

Daniel Joslyn

Danny Wu

David Bumpass

David Spencer

Denise Kini

Diana Maier

Dominique Maboulou

Dong Hyun Chon

Doug Guettler

Drew Miller

Dylan Condra

Dylan Jouni

Ejovwoke Uvwo

Elijah Blackmon

Elmer Alex

Emmanuel Aryee

Eric Cramer

Erin Burke

Fabrizzio Bulacia

Felipe Gallegos

Gabor Pakozdi

Gabriela Olson

Gemma Pelagio

Gene Lee

Gerardo Arias

Ghina Yamout

Gina Adriano

Greg Gomez

Gretel Ochoa-Nhac

Holly Keuth

Howard Salamanca

Hugh Blackmon

Hugo Rivera

Isaac Bout

Jack Walker

Jacob Fine

Jaime Gutierrez

Jake Ortega

James Lussier

Janine Imperial

Jason Weir

Jatinder Brar

Javier Bran

Jeff Sullivan

Jeff Schneider

Jeffrey MacMaster

Jennifer Ferdinand

Jennifer Velasquez Luna

Jennifer Stevens

Jennifer Cusack

Jesse Lamb

Jessica Lovelady

Jesus Alberto Lopez Figueroa

Jillian Benci-Woodward

Jim Homet

Joe Marcinko

Joe Vieyra

Joe Barbee

Joe Camarillo

John Comer

John Dillard

John McLaughlin

Jon Money

Jonathan Tull

Jordan Insixiengmay

Jorge Luevanos

jorge jaime

Jorge Luevanos

Jose Salazar

Jose Ruiz

Jose Aguilar

Joseph Soehendro

Joseph Notchick

Joshua Martinez

Josie Shappell

Julia Cahalan

Justin Greer

Justin Bailey

Justin Castruita

Keith Webb

Kelly Connolly

Kelly Reese

Kely Miller

kenneth michael

Kenneth Ware

Kenneth Hickenbottom

kevin sanchez

Kevin Phillips

KEVIN Nunn

Kim Boehler

Kimberly Matteson

Kimberly Lin

Kristen Struve

Kristien Bennett

Kyle Porter

Latoya Waters

Laura Southworth

Leslie Strohm

Ligia Andrei

Liridon Hasangjekaj

Lisa Staugaard

Luis Rodriguez

Mai Hattar

Malcolm McLaren

Marc Warner

Marco A Torres

Marilyn Romero

Mark Howard

Maroun El-Hage

Martin Humbird

Matthew Jeung

Matthew McIntyre

Matthew Gallizzi

Matthew Abel

Matthew Helms

Maurice Gomez

Megan Murphy

Megan Sims

Megan Clark

Meghan Schmidt

Meisam Hajimorad

Melissa Krejckant

Michael Lechuga

Michael Ridder

Michelle Madriz

Mike Salas

Mike Webb

Mohammed Alyousuf

Monica Palomo

Monjovet Domael

Morteza Nazaripour

Nathan Nelson

Neil Irani

Nicholas Leso

Nick Lowe

Nico Valencia

Nicolas Depierola

Nicole Salazar

Nikhila Punuru

Norberto Ferreira

Pei-Shin Wu

Peter Otoshi

Prithviraj Chavan

Ramon Cabrera

Ramy Gindi

Raymond Wyatt

Ren Berioso

Reynald Neypes

Rick Grijalva

Robert Cunz

Robert Sorensen

Robert Cortes

Robert Maurer

Robert Delgado

Rolando Castro

Rosemarie Cofer

Roslynn Turner

Roxana Carrillo

Roy Rutherford

Ryan Renshaw

Ryan McCarter

Ryan Eusebio

Sallie Johnson

Sandi Soleta

Sara Mahoney

Sarah Mulder

Scott McMullen

Scott Crist

Scott Morquecho

Sean Harrison

Shadi Bader

Shari Whalen

Sifang Shan

Soudabeh Saeid

Stan Tran

Stephan Kozanda

Stephanie Torres

Stephanie Leif

Stephen French

Steve Ascencio

Steven Tovar

Surjit Saini

Suzanne Trabia

Tanya Moniz-Witten

Thomas Blake

Tim Marcella

Tim Hawkins

Todd Goslin

Tom Porter

Tomasita Spain

Torin Halvorson

Trent Sherman

Trevor Swaggard

Trishla Jain

Usmita Pokhrel

Volker Brohm

William Stotts

Zinnia Navarro


Annual Report

2024 Financial Report

The Section is proud of our careful financial stewardship in 2024 that allows us to serve

our members and provide outstanding training, networking, and conferences. We're well

positioned to continue investing in member education and certification programs.

2024 Total Revenue

$3.4M

Events

Certification

Education

Membership

Other Programs

24%

23%

20%

18%

15%

2024 Total Expense

$3.4M

Events

25%

Certification

19%

Administration

18%

Education

16%

Communications/SOU

5%

Membership

5%

Grants & Projects

3%

Other Programs

9%

CA-NV AWWA allocates

82%

of our resources

toward member

programs.

Administration

18%

Allocated to programs

CA-NV

AWWA

Spending

82%

Photos by CA-NV AWWA.


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Education Update

Host a CA-NV AWWA

Accredited Course or

Workshop at Your Agency

By Jenna Bland, Director of Finance and Education

Does your team need more training

opportunities and continuing education hours?

Help is just a phone call away.

CA-NV AWWA can bring IACET

accredited courses and workshops

directly to your agency with our

on-site training program called

Blueprint for Success. We also offer

virtual training options.

You choose the topic and the date,

CA-NV AWWA staff takes care of the

rest.

Examples of recent courses we’ve

organized for member agencies:

• 36 hours of virtual intermediate

treatment training for 25 students.

Online classes were held once a

week for 3 hours over 4 months.

• 6-week workshop series for

75 students at the agency’s

headquarters focused on

regulations.

In addition to the great

training provided by one of our

knowledgeable and supportive

trainers, your employees receive

continuing education units (CEUs)

and/or contact hours depending on

what they need. With one phone

call, staff can get it all done for you.

What outstanding, accredited

CA-NV AWWA training program

can we bring to your agency?

Learn more and schedule a

Blueprint for Success training

session at your agency by

contacting Jenna Bland

at (909) 291-2114 or email

jbland@ca-nv-awwa.org.

UPCOMING

EDUCATION EVENTS

ACE 25: Denver

June 8-11, 2025

WES Orange

Aug 13, 2025

WES San Diego

Jan 21, 2026

WCW 26 - Town and

Country Resort, San Diego

April 6-9, 2026

Complete Engineering

and Consulting Services


CA-NV AWWA SOURCE Magazine_Ad_2025_(quarter page).indd 4

1/13/2025 10:46:03 AM

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

–

Member Spotlight

Member

Lori Jones

Inspires the Next Generation

of Water Professionals

1) What do you enjoy about

teaching?

As an adjunct faculty member at

Cuyamaca College, I have the honor

of teaching CWS 101 Intro to Water

and Wastewater and CWS 290

Cooperative Work Experience.

Both classes introduce students

to the water sector. When I see

students excited to be in class and

ask great questions, it warms my

teacher’s heart. They really light up.

We have field trips to local water

treatment plants, wastewater

treatment plants, and recycled

water treatment plants. Most

students have never been to a water

facility before and they literally

look at things with “water-colored

glasses”. I love that!

2) What is your favorite

CA-NV AWWA memory?

water professionals, and roamed

around Downtown Disney. I felt

really inspired and sprinkled with

joy.

3) Why did you join AWWA?

I joined AWWA in 2019 as a student

at Cuyamaca College and was

Secretary for our student chapter

and then President. I also applied for

and received an AWWA scholarship

and was able to take many online

classes during the pandemic. How

“water-ful” was that?!

4) What do you recommend

to young professionals to

advance in their career?

I recommend young professionals

network and volunteer! There are so

many people out there with such

great knowledge and wisdom. Get

out there and mingle, ask questions,

and shadow or do an internship.

Seeing is believing! Water rocks…

well it waters!

Photos courtesy of Lori Jones.

My favorite CA-NV-AWWA memory

was this year’s conference in

Anaheim. I volunteered by filling

swag-bags, sat in on a few sessions,

enjoyed a great lunch with fellow


Innovation Focus:

Chromium 6 Technologies

Building a Better

Chromium

Mouse Trap

Roll-Up Regeneration for Hexavalent

Chromium Ion Exchange Treatment

By Phil Chandler

Teamwork and creativity have

generated a new approach

to provide compliance,

simplicity, and cost-reduction for

the new chromium 6 (Cr6) drinking

water standard in California. As

of October 1, 2024, the maximum

contaminant level for hexavalent

chromium has been set at 10 parts

per billion.

Thinking outside the box, the folks

at Phibro-Tech have worked with

Datumpin, Chart, and Ecolab to

reduce the footprint, maximize

throughput, and minimize brine

and waste handling for utilities

seeking a cost-effective solution.

Ion exchange (IX) treatment

promises to be a leading solution

for compliance with California’s

new drinking water regulation

for hexavalent chromium (Cr6).

Now, innovations on a proven IX

process called strong base anion

exchange (SBA) lead the way to

make regenerating IX resin simpler

for operators, reduce liability from

storage of hazardous materials,

and provide new options for water

systems that can take advantage of

this treatment technology.

Innovative Cr6 Process

Improvements

SBA treatment for Cr6 has been

successfully implemented at

sites across California. A few early

adopters, including Cal Water,

installed SBA treatment with onsite

regeneration for compliance with

the first maximum contaminant

level (MCL) in 2014 and maintained

production and treatment.

These sites were configured with

a hazardous waste storage tank

for the spent brine, due to the

high levels of Cr6. To haul and

dispose of the brine, Cal Water

contracted Phibro-Tech, a recycler

of hazardous waste materials with

a permitted “Transfer, Storage,

and Disposal Facility” in Southern

California. The service and regen

cycles with waste haul-off has

functioned effectively for nearly a

decade. When the previous MCL

was disqualified in court in 2017,

innovation and adoption of new

systems stopped.

In 2023 it became apparent the

MCL would be reinstated at a level

that would leave a significant

number of wells needing treatment

to remain in compliance. With

no ready business partner for

the next wave of Cr6 regulation,

Phibro-Tech’s Plant Manager

David Clark needed to develop

a new approach. Clark revived a

relationship with Phil Chandler,

a principal developer of the firstgeneration

SBA treatment, who

had formed his own consulting

practice as Datumpin, and together

they began to work out details for a

new process.

The first-generation small column

SBA systems were highly effective

at removing Cr6. The innovative

regeneration processes minimized

waste generation. Highly trained

personnel were needed to operate

an onsite briner, regeneration

control station, and maintain a

hazardous waste storage tank

that requires additional regulatory

approvals and daily inspections.

The early adopter customers

appreciated the reliability of the

SBA process but wanted a simpler

regeneration process without extra

onsite equipment.

Clark’s answer was to capitalize

on Phibro-Tech’s capabilities as a

supplier of drinking water certified

ferric chloride, as well as a hauler

and processor of hazardous wastes.

He realized the same tanker truck

could be used to supply a premixed

salt solution, pump the brine

into the ion exchange vessel to

regenerate the resin, and complete

the process by hauling away the

used brine containing Cr6.

With this innovative concept,

“Roll-Up Regeneration” was

born. The regeneration only takes

a few hours, minimizing downtime

for the treatment process. An

onsite briner, regeneration

station, and hazardous waste

storage tank are not required,

leaving only the SBA columns and

prefilters onsite. With a lead-lag

configuration of two IX vessels in

series, regeneration of the lead

vessel may be completed while the

second vessel continues solo.

Chemical composition of the

source water plays a major part

in determining the specific

configuration of an appropriate

SBA treatment train. The

operations plan tailors the

treatment configuration and

regeneration sequence to the

specific water chemistry of the

site. Phibro-Tech technicians

are certified Grade 2 treatment

operators, and work in conjunction


Phibro-tech photo courtesy of Phibro-Teck. Tank p hoto courtesy of Phil Chandler.

with the water system’s treatment

operators to oversee the

regeneration process.

The Path Ahead

Although Phibro-Tech set out

to simply provide the Roll-Up

Regeneration component, the

company has teamed up with

other companies that together can

offer a complete Cr6 solution. In

addition to Datumpin, the group

includes the global equipment

manufacturer Chart Water, and

Ecolab providing Purolite Resins.

Several drinking water providers

are conducting pilot studies to

optimize their SBA treatment using

Roll-Up Regeneration. Phibro-

Tech’s Regional Sales Manager

Jeremy Rosenfeld states that

several other water systems are

learning more about the benefits

of their innovation on this proven

treatment approach.

“The things they like best are how

easy it is for the operators, the

efficient regeneration process,

and not needing to use dangerous

chemicals in the treatment process

or store a hazardous substance onsite,”

said Jeremy.

Jeremy noted the capital

cost is lower than most other

treatment solutions, and by

optimizing Roll-Up Regeneration

the operating cost is also very

competitive.

About the author:

Phil Chandler is

an environmental

Systems Engineer

with 30 years of

experience in

water, gas and oil

applications. Phil

has led complex environmental

research and equipment

engineering programs in the

UK, USA, Europe and Japan. Phil

currently serves as President of

datumpin inc which provides asset

health data services for a range of

equipment applications.

With 8-foot ion exchange vessels behind it, a Phibro-Tech

tanker prepares to offload brine in Rosemead, CA.

Ion Exchange 101

Ion exchange (IX) resin treatment is a “best available technology”

(BAT) for hexavalent chromium. The choices include “strong

base” or “weak base” anion exchange resin, abbreviated as SBA

or WBA. The resin choice is driven by water chemistry.

Weak Base (WBA): Operations with high total dissolved solids

(TDS) may want to consider WBA.

With WBA IX treatment, the influent water pH must first be

lowered by adding acid or CO2 so that the resin is in the right

form for chromate uptake. Subsequently, the pH must be

readjusted after the IX treatment to the same level as the influent

to prevent corrosion potential before going to distribution. WBA

IX treatment has been operational at a Superfund site in Glendale,

California following a landmark research project that ran from

2001-2015. WBA IX beds can treat for years before a change out is

required. A drawback for WBA is that the resin also attracts and

builds up uranium over time which can trigger special disposal

requirements for radioactive waste.

Strong Base (SBA): the advantage is it operates at neutral pH

and can be regenerated with a low-cost salt brine. The length of

the service cycle is dictated by the other TDS in the water. When

the IX hits a predetermined Cr6 effluent level, a regen is initiated

where the chlorides in the regenerant replace the Cr6 on the

resin bead.

First-generation SBA chromium (VI) treatment vessels and a brine tank were all

housed in containers, with elaborate controls and a separate waste brine tank.

Spent brine is captured and hauled away for further processing.

Because the frequency of regeneration, generally, relatively low

levels of other anions, including uranium, do not require special

handling. Any brine stored on-site after regeneration is classified

as hazardous waste due to the Cr6levels.

‒ By Cathy Swanson, Director of Business Development for

Emerging Markets for EcoLab Purolite Resins


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INTELLIGENCE

MEETS

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Innovation Focus:


treatment must adhere to Title 22

guidelines for state approval. To

validate a Cr6 removal treatment

system, systems must conduct an

onsite demonstration to validate

the performance of the technology

to ensure compliance with the Cr6

MCL.

A water system must also submit

an operations plan that ensures

reliable and continuous performance

with the technology to meet the

Cr6 MCL. The plan must include a

performance monitoring program

detailing how and when compliance

is verified.

In October 2024, California’s State Water Board

adopted a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10

parts per billion (ppb) for hexavalent chromium (Cr6),

making it the lowest maximum in the nation for this

toxic and carcinogenetic contaminant.

This regulation will affect

approximately 500 wells operated

by around 300 municipalities, which

have elevated levels of Cr6 in their

groundwater supplies that exceed

the state's regulatory limit, providing

water to five million households

across California.

Communities affected by

the regulations must achieve

compliance within two to four years,

depending on the number of service

connections:

• > 10,000 service connections by

October 1, 2026

• Between 1,000-9,999 service

connections by October 1, 2027

• < 1,000 service connections by

October 1, 2028

These systems must submit a

detailed compliance plan that meets

all state requirements within 90

days of their compliance date for all

sources that exceed the Cr6 MCL.

Three Best Available Technologies

(BATs) have been outlined in the

regulation:

1. Ion exchange (IX)

2. Reverse osmosis (RO)

3. Reduction-coagulation-filtration

(RCF), using either bulk ferrous

chloride or the in-situ electrolytic

generation of stannous.

While the use of bulk stannous

chloride as the basis of an RCF

treatment process was also

considered during the BAT

determination process, the

chemical reagent was rejected as

a BAT because its performance,

applicability, and costs have not been

adequately studied.

Water systems are not required to

adopt a BAT to comply with the

Cr6 regulation, but any proposed

RCF: Bulk

Ferrous Reagent

Optimizing Cr6

Management

When planning for Cr6 treatment,

water systems should focus on three

key areas:

1. Lowering Cr6 levels to below 10

ppb

2. Verifying technology compliance

with state regulations

3. Establish options for remote online

monitoring to enable real-time

access to treatment outcomes

and ongoing maintenance

observations.

In vendor collaborations, essential

performance criteria—economic,

environmental, and operational—

should guide the evaluation

of treatment technologies. A

comparative analysis of RCF with a

bulk ferrous reagent, ion exchange

with strong base anion (SBA), and

RCF with an on-site generated

stannous reagent is provided in

Table 1.

GHG Emissions Medium High Low

Interferences Medium-High High None

Reagent Dose High None Low

Sludge Generation High None Low

Toxic Residuals None Yes None

System Footprint Large Medium-Large Small

Latency High Medium-High Low

Process Controllability Low-Medium Low-Medium High

Overall Complexity High High Low

Cost $$$ $$$$ $

Table 1: Comparison of Cr6 Treatment Processes

Ion Exchange/

SBA

RCF: On-Site Generated

Stannous Reagent


Innovation Focus:


GHG Emissions. Understanding the

amount of greenhouse gas (GHG)

emissions emitted from water

treatment technology is vital for

environmental sustainability, cost

management and public health.

Communities striving for resilience

against climate change will want to

be aware of the energy consumed

by a treatment process, how energy

efficiency can be improved, how

operational efficiency can be

achieved, and if renewable energy

sources are available.

Interferences. Understanding

how specific water quality

parameters, such as pH, and

various interferences—like arsenic,

phosphate, total organic carbon,

silica, sulfate, uranium, and

vanadium—affect the performance

of treatment processes is crucial

for evaluating the effectiveness of

Cr6 treatment systems and their

associated costs.

Cr6 Demo Trailer

When a treatment system faces

challenges due to multiple water

matrix interferences, it may require

operational and process adjustments

to address these effects. However,

such adjustments often lead to

increased capital and operational

costs. Additionally, in the case of ion

exchange with SBA, it is important to

closely examine how the raw water

quality impacts the toxicity of both

the liquid and solid waste generated

during the regeneration process.

Reagent Dose. With respect to RCF

treatment systems, the amount of

reagent (ferrous or on-site generated

stannous) that is needed to treat a

unit of water volume (mg/L, ppm,

etc.) should be considered. A much

higher reagent dose of ferrous

than stannous is required to treat

equivalent amounts of Cr6 in water;

up to 10 times more ferrous may

be required to achieve the same

treatment goals as stannous.

Sludge Generation. The amount

of sludge produced by the RCF

treatment process per volume

of treated water is closely related

to the dosage of reagents used.

Higher chemical demand or reagent

dosage results in more frequent

backwashing and significantly

increases waste generation. The

volume of sludge generated by

stannous is up to 10 times lower than

that produced by ferrous.

Additionally, it is important to note

that the sludge produced from

stannous has beneficial reuse

applications. When assessing overall

treatment process waste, an RCF

system using an onsite-generated

stannous reagent generates

significantly less waste compared

to an SBA ion exchange system.

For every kilogram of Cr6 removed,

a stannous-based RCF system

produces less than five dry gallons of

waste. In contrast, the ion exchange

with SBA generates between 6,000

and 15,000 gallons of waste.

Toxic Residuals. Understanding

whether the Cr6 treatment process

produces toxic residuals is essential

for accurately determining the total

compliance costs associated with a

given technology. Regarding sludge

generation, the stannous-based RCF

system produces non-hazardous

waste. This waste consists of a

mixture of tin and chromium oxide,

which can be reused as a sorbent in

wastewater treatment processes.

In contrast, the ion exchange SBA

process generates significant

hazardous and radioactive waste,

requiring special handling and

disposal, and resulting in substantial

associated costs.

System Footprint. When

considering a Cr6 treatment process,

it is important to account for the

footprint and space required by the

equipment.

Latency. The time between when

a Cr6 treatment system process

change is (re)initiated and water

Photo by AMS.


Innovation Focus:


quality reaches safe drinking

water standards is fundamental to

understanding how the technology

will work in real-world applications.

Typical well utilization rates range

between 25 – 50%, making it

important to use a technology that is

stable, efficient, and effective.

Wells operate in “stop-run” mode

where fast and adequate treatment

system response is critical for the

treatment systems’ timely and

reliable stabilization following a

restart. Consequently, if a treatment

technology operates with a high level

of latency, treated water quality will

be compromised.

Process Controllability. The ability

to control the Cr6 treatment process

without requiring multiple and

difficult approaches with a high risk

of failure is essential. For example,

in a ferrous-based RCF system

process, chlorine and a coagulant are

required. These represent additional

points of failure that require

supervision and impose additional

chemical and handling costs.

It is also important to understand

how the Cr6 treatment system is

controlled, monitored and adjusted

to meet real-time contaminant levels

and other variations in water quality.

Overall Complexity. The level of

complexity the Cr6 treatment

process requires from the water

system and operational staff is an

important consideration. When

a treatment technology is fully

automated and calibrated, minimal

operational oversight is required.

Cost. The capital cost to treat a unit of

water volume is most expensive with

ion exchange, and most economical

with an RCF system using an on-site

generated stannous reagent (Table

2).

RCF: Bulk

Ferrous Reagent

It should be noted that the costs of

a ferrous reagent RCF system does

not include continuous monitoring

of treated water quality to ensure

the system is operating, whereas the

on-site generated stannous reagent

RCF system includes this real-time

monitoring cost.

The drastic cost differential between

the technologies is maintained

across small-to-large design flow

capacities. The following has been

stated about RCF and ion exchange,

including Weak Base Anion (WBA)

and SBA:

At the proposed

MCL of 10 ug/L,

RCF [Reduction,

Coagulation and

Filtration] is calculated

to be the least

expensive treatment

for all but 11 sources.

– From the State Water Board’s 2022

report ”Hexavalent Chromium Maximum

Contaminant Level (MCL)"

In addition to the capital cost, water

systems should pay close attention

to operating costs. For example, the

cost of treatment is affected by the

amount of water lost during the

treatment process due to system

latency and the backwash process.

When significant losses occur,

such as those from a ferrous-based

RCF system, the water must be

discharged to the sewage system.

If a sewage system is unavailable,

one must be built, or the wastewater

must be trucked away for disposal.

Achieving Safety

and Sustainability

By focusing on effective Cr6

management strategies and

Ion Exchange/

SBA

100 gpm design flow $1.4M $1.6M $730K

2,000 gpm design flow $5.7M $7.1M $3.2M

RCF: On-Site Generated

Stannous Reagent

Cr6 Sampling

carefully evaluating treatment

options against performance

metrics—such as environmental

impact, operational efficiency and

cost— water systems can work

towards achieving regulatory

compliance and enhancing the

safety and sustainability of their

water supply.

The path to compliance is not just

a regulatory requirement, it is an

opportunity to optimize operations

and protect public health. Water

systems that prioritize scalable,

cost-effective, and environmentally

conscious solutions will be better

equipped to meet evolving

regulatory demands while building

trust with the communities they

serve.

By acting decisively and strategically,

utilities can transform compliance

challenges into catalysts for

innovation and future-ready water

management.

About the Author:

Vladimir Dozortsev,

is a Senior Product

Manager for AMS

with dual PhDs

in Chemistry

and Chemical

Engineering. Vlad holds numerous

patents on voltammetry-based

analysis of trace metals and in-situ

generation of specialty reagents for

remediation.

Table 2: Capital Cost Comparison for Cr6 Removal Treatment Processes



Presenting to High School Students

Are You Ready To

The Next

Generation?

By Alec Mackie

As the wave of retirements

washes over the workforce,

there’s an urgent need for

career outreach, including

inspiring high schoolers, and

perhaps even middle schoolers,

to take a closer look at careers

in water. Few students, if any,

know about the industry and

the rewarding careers we offer.

More and more agencies are developing high

school outreach programs, such as the Water

Energy Education Alliance (WEEA) developed by the

Municipal Water District of Orange County, and the

City of Roseville’s newly launched Utilities Field Day.

If you were tapped to present to students, how would

you inspire them? We asked two experts for advice.

Michael Collins works for Baldy View Regional

Occupational Program Commission and is on contract

as an engineering and architecture teacher at Ruben

S. Ayala High School in Chino Hills, a community in

Southern California. He develops innovative programs

to help students explore career pathways and in 2024

welcomed a record setting 19 speakers from various

industries into his classroom.


He also oversees an innovative

program called Project Lead the

Way, which encourages students

to use their own unique problemsolving

skills to tackle complex STEM

(science, technology, engineering,

and math) problems. Michael

encourages more water agencies to

join industry advisory boards at your

local high schools and get involved

in mentoring students.

Michael was most recently a director

for an architectural and engineering

firm before moving into teaching.

He’s also connected to the CA-NV

Section as the spouse of Incoming

AWWA President Heather Collins.

Member Sunny Wang is the Water

Resources Manager for the City

of Santa Monica, and a frequent

speaker within Michael’s program.

As an example of their success,

Michael shared the story about one

student who was considering a

career in aerospace and asked for

help finding an internship. After

listening to Sunny’s presentation

about careers in water, she was

intrigued. She was able to connect

with Sunny later and he provided

mentoring and guidance that

led her to secure internships with

engineering firms. “She likely has

more job offers than most people

coming out of college, and she's

only a junior,” said Michael proudly.

What interests this generation

of high school students?

Michael: This is a generation

that probably cares more about

the environment and their

surroundings than any previous

generation. They are more

aligned with social equity and

environmental causes than any

previous generation I can think of,

and this plays directly into the water

industry’s favor. I think the water

industry is well suited to capture

this young generation in a kind of

massive tidal wave because they

really do want to have an impact.

Sunny: When it comes to working as

an environmental engineer in water

there is no single, right solution

to California’s water challenges. It

truly is an engineer's dream, or any

problem solver's dream. If we try a

solution and it doesn't work, there's

always another one to try.

It’s about creativity and dedication.

There are so many different tools in

our toolbox that students can use to

tackle a problem. I think that's the

greatest part of the water industry.

I’d also say they care about quality

of life a lot more. In this industry, we

have a good work-life balance and

we have so many options – keep

moving up and earning more, or

stay put and focus on one job. We

need to tell them there are many

ways to be successful in water.

What suggestions do you have

for a memorable presentation?

Michael: My best advice is ask

yourself ‘If I were in high school,

what would I want to know and how

can I make it interesting?’ Share

your stories with the students.

Keep presentations to 30 minutes.

It can go longer with questions and

answers, and bring some swag for

students who ask great questions.

Keep it interactive and fluid:

• Can you add exciting videos?

• Is there an interactive activity you

can share with the students?

• Bring a couple of co-workers with

you to share a diversity of roles

and perspectives, such as an

engineer, an operator and, maybe

someone younger such as an

intern or recent graduate.

• Students want to know your story.

They want to know what you were

doing in high school, what made

you decide on this career path.

This information gives them the

context and makes your story

more relevant for them.

• Pick your best speakers and

people who are the outgoing

team members.

As an example of a great

presentation, we recently had PCL

Construction over. They had these

phenomenal drone videos flying

over construction sites.

This is a generation

that probably cares

more about the

environment and

their surroundings

than any previous

generation.

– Michael Collins

Michael Collins & Sunny Wang

I have also found having multiple

people present is a benefit for the

audience. They get to hear from

multiple personalities and hopefully

find someone they can relate to.

Sunny: The first thing I look for as

a speaker is the body language of

the audience. You need to adapt to

them. I have my repertoire of dad

jokes and if they don’t work, I need

to switch to a different set of jokes.

Language is very important when

you communicate with audiences

that have different levels of

knowledge about the topic. See if

you're connecting with them on the

message you're trying to deliver.

Use language they can understand,

plain and simple are effective to

hold their attention.

Second, you need to have

these peaks and valleys in your

presentation. I learned that from

a TED Talk. There's no way you can

hold attention the whole time. If

you talk in a monotone. Everybody's

going to fall asleep. Know when to

use a joke, go up and down, and mix

it up during the talk.

Should we encourage students

to go into the trades?

Sunny: My approach is to always

provide all the facts. If you look at

the operator career path, it's very

rewarding and lucrative. I joke with



operators they can make more with

overtime than managers. The trades

are in high demand right now. I’ve

heard stories about a welder who

made over $100 an hour.

Many cities, including mine, are

revising job descriptions to create

alternatives to college degrees,

such as __ years of experience are

equivalent to a degree. People are

recognizing real world experience is

just as important.

College or trade school? It's really

about finding what fits the student,

and I just lay out all the facts.

Michael: One memorable group

was from AJ. Kirkwood, an electrical

design and contracting company.

Three speakers are senior leaders

who came up through the trades.

It’s important to share the story

that an electrical person in the

trades has a pathway to get to the

executive level and even running

the company.

They have an infographic showing

career pathways where you start

as an apprentice worker or as a

junior engineer and can progress

to leadership. They know how

to recruit, and I think this is the

perfect model water agencies and

organizations should follow.

The biggest challenge I see will be

how to educate the parents. The

trades are not the model many

parents have in mind.

Anything else speakers should

consider?

Sunny: As a water industry, we need

to do more. We need to reach out

to our local high schools and let

them know we're there to help. I

find there’s typically no connection

between the high school and the

water agency, so we need to offer to

show up, participate in programs,

and connect with the students.

Michael: Be open to you or your

team serving as mentors and guides

for the students on their high school

projects. Our engineering capstone

class requires students to reach out

to experts for real world guidance.

Be open to volunteering for the high

school’s industry advisory panel.

Field trips are great, I thoroughly

enjoyed visiting water facilities.

However, they require lots of extra

work and administrative burden.

Another effective idea might be for

a water agency to host a Saturday

open house. Parents can bring

their kids to the event for a tour or

structured activities and the teacher

is not part of the equation. The

teacher can promote the event.

Finally, what about high school-tocollege

student water chapters so

that it starts to increase awareness.

That would allow high schoolers to

interact with college students who

then become mentors, even though

college students are looking for

mentors from the profession. It's a

trickle down mentor opportunity.

You can reach Michael at

michael_collins@chino.k12.ca.us

and Sunny at

Sunny.Wang@santamonica.gov.

Reach author Alec Mackie at

WaterWorksHere@gmail.com


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of the West Wrap-up

The Happiest

Water Conference of the West Offered Even

More Education, Competitions, and Fun

By Jim Elliott, Section Chair, Liberty Utilities

This is an exciting time for our

Section and a lot happened

at April’s inaugural Water

Conference of the West at the

Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim.

We’re honored to share with you

the Water Conference of the West

attracted 1,328 attendees and

134 exhibitors who showed off

the latest technology and gear in

the busy expo hall. The opening

session was standing room only and

presentation rooms were packed.

the WCW25 Planning Committee,

as well as our amazing staff, the

Executive Committee and Governing

Board, and all the volunteers who

worked tirelessly to produce a worldclass

event that benefited

our members.

In addition to learning opportunities,

the Water Conference of the West

is about reconnecting with peers

face-to-face which is much more

meaningful than phone calls and

emails.

Water Conference of the West was a

resounding success.

Educational Events

Keep Growing

I’m happy to report that the

financial results from the Fall

conference in Reno yielded a profit

for the Section. This is the result

of section staff members Danielle

Hook, Jenna Bland, and volunteers

carefully evaluating and negotiating

expenses, while ensuring quality

attendee experience.

Clearly, the topics and technical

program were outstanding, and

our members showed up in big

numbers to learn and connect. I

want to express my deep gratitude

to Jaci Parsons, Colter Andersen, and

We knew members would enjoy

the new format. One of Walt

Disney’s famous quotes comes

to mind, “If you can dream it, you

can do it.” Dreams do come true at

the happiest place on earth – the

The Section is focusing on hosting

more one-day water education

seminars. For many years we’ve

hosted the successful Water

Education Seminar in Orange.

We repurposed this format for

Photos by the CA-NV AWWA.


Place in Water

our second WES and I’m happy

to report the January event in San

Diego exceeded expectations. We’re

looking for a third event location in

northern California for our first event

there in 2027.

I want to commend and thank our

Director of Education and Finance,

Jenna Bland for her significant

efforts in thinking “Outside of the

Box” to revitalize our educational

offerings. In 2024, there were almost

1,700 participants in our webinars

and over 900 attendees at in-person

educational events.

In November 2024, I appointed six

Trustees to serve as the Board of

Trustees for the new CA-NV AWWA

Education and Training Endowment

Fund. The group has already taken

action to invest the scholarship funds

to earn higher yields. With their

careful and thoughtful guidance,

we are starting on our journey

to supporting in perpetuity our

scholarship program.

We need your help. My Chair’s

challenge is gaining contributions

and still stands if you haven’t had a

chance to contribute –

use the QR

code to donate.

Any amount

you can donate

will help provide

scholarships

to worthy

students.

Continually Improving

for Our Members

I also want to commend our Director

of Certification, Steven Garner, for

steadfastly continuing to administer

our multiple certification programs

and keeping us in compliance.

All three of these major initiatives,

Events, Education, and Certification

are part of the Section’s business

model to lead, educate, and serve

our water industry members in a

sustainable manner. Our members

are our lifeblood, and our core

mission is to serve them.

With the highly successful inaugural

Water Conference of the West now

a fantastic dream come true, we

can look ahead to the 2026 Water

Conference of the West at the newly

renovated and now spectacularly

hip Town and Country Resort in San

Diego. The conference will be held

April 6-9, 2026.

Help us serve fellow members and

build an even stronger section –

get involved with a committee,

competition planning, or the

conference committee. Ask any

committee leader or Governing

Board member how to get involved

and we’ll get you connected.

As Buzz Lightyear would say,

together we’ll go to infinity and

beyond!


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of the West Wrap-up

Taste Test Winner

Meter Challenge

Hot Flare Competition

Hydrant Hysteria - Women's

Pipe Tapping

Congratulations to Our

Hydrant Hysteria - Men's

Conference Champions!

Meter Challenge

1st - Kylie Rodriguez from City of

Ontario (32 seconds) (ACE)

2nd - Moises Castro from Ontario

Municipal Utilities Company

3rd - Dennis Lopez from City of

Ontario

Hot Flare Competition

1st - Justice Baldwin of LADWP

2nd- Chris Torres of LADWP

3rd- Sal Martinez of City of

Huntington Beach

Pipe Tapping

1st - LA Tappers of LADWP (ACE)

2nd- Tap Kings of LADWP

3rd- North Bay Tappers of Marin

Water District


Women’s Hydrant Hysteria

1st - Hydrant Belles from Elsinore

Valley Municipal Water District

(ACE bound to defend National

Championship)

2nd- XXX Threat from Ontario

Municipal Utilities Company (ACE)

3rd- Valve Vixens from Elsinore Valley

Municipal Water District (ACE)

Men’s Hydrant Hysteria

1st - Hydromaniacs of LADWP (ACE)

2nd- SoCal Hydrant Team from

Master Water Works (ACE)

3rd- Hydro Kings of LADWP

Top Ops

1st - Reservoir Dawgs of Sacramento

Suburban Water District (ACE)

2nd –Whatcha Mokelumne of

EBMUD

3rd- Water Hammers of Cucamonga

Valley Water District

Water Conference of

the West Taste Test –

People’s Choice

1st - City of Fountain Valley (ACE)

2nd -Laguna Beach County Water

District

3rd- Fallbrook Public Utility District

Watch for additional coverage of CA-NV AWWA's

distinguished award winners in the next issue.

Photos by CA-NV AWWA.

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& NSF/ANSI 372


MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS

Water

treatment

challenges?

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• Media Filters for:

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≈ Multi Media

≈ Granular Activated

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≈ IX Resins

• Solutions for:

≈ Suspended Solids

≈ Iron

≈ Manganese

≈ Arsenic

≈ PFAS

• ASME code

• NSF compliant

• BABA compliant

Made in USA

www.yardneyfilters.com

Contact us to find out

how we can help you

with your water & waste

water challenges.

Yardney Water Filtration Systems | 6666 Box Springs Blvd. | Riverside, CA 92507

Phone 951.656.6716 | info@yardneyfilters.com



of the West Wrap-up

Seen, Heard, Shared

at the Conference

“This is our opportunity,

now the fire service gets

it. They’re listening to us.

The dialogue has started,

so let's keep it going to

raise the profile of what

we need.”

— Brandy Hancocks,

Golden State Water

“What gives me hope is

watching so many friends and

neighbors willing to help each

other. We had an outpouring

of support, more than we could

ever use. In addition,

we had no injuries or fatalities

at any of our water districts.”

The popular fire recovery panel at WCW25. (l-r) moderator Sue Mosburg, CA-NV AWWA;

Vicki Osborn, CalWARN and Metropolitan Water District of Orange County; Dana Moore,

California Utilities Emergency Association; Alix Stayton, Public Water Agencies Group;

Jim Elliott, Liberty Utilities; Gabriel Gomez, Crescenta Valley Water District; Michael Thomas,

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California; and Brandy Hancocks, Golden State Water.

People are continually

moving from wet areas

in the state to dry areas

subject to wildfires.

That trend is not

slowing down.

– Vicki Osborn, Municipal Water District

of Orange County and CalWARN

— Alix Stayton,

Public Water Agencies Group

CONFERENCE

STATS

1,328 attendees

134 exhibitors

100 speakers

I’m very excited

to be attending

this international

collaboration

between

the nation

of Denmark

and several

California water

organizations.

Through ‘Global

Strategies’ we can

greatly benefit

our ‘Local Action.’

— Jenna Shimmin,

Eastern MWD

Americans

enjoy some

of the highest

quality tap

water in the

world.

— Professor Manny Teodoro,

University of Wisconsin-Madison,

Opening Session Speaker


I loved catching-up with some of my favorite

#WomenInWater, meeting new friends, and

trading insights on water‐wise landscaping!

Thank you to anybody who attended my session,

bright and early, in full glam Wednesday morning!

— Dani Luna Morgutia, Long Beach Utilities

“Chair E. Joaquin Esquivel and the State Water

Board's Conservation Program team co-hosted the

Global Strategies, Local Action (workshop) to tackle

complex water challenges and discuss opportunities.

A big thank you to all the hosts and participants!”

— State Water Board

“We had an afternoon

of great presentations.

I even ended up

giving an impromptu

talk on Municipal

Water District of

Orange County’s Leak

Detection program

when another speaker

was unable to make it.

Being committee vice

chair is keeping me on

my toes!”

— Rachel Davis,

MWDOC

“Agency consolidation

is the answer.

Restructuring is the

politically correct way

to solve our water

challenges. Studies

show 20,000 customer

connections or more is

the ideal size for a water

utility. They are more

efficient, affordable,

and successful by a

large margin.”

— Professor Teodoro

“It's not that hard to get safe

drinking water if you start off

in the right direction.”

– Chad Seidel, Corona Environmental

Consulting, Opening Session Speaker

Selfies courtesy of the conference attendees. Group photos by CA-NV AWWA.

I learned a lot about

water meters and

AMI. I even met

Chip roaming the

hallways (or is it

Dale?). I am not sure

which character

photo bombed

this selfie.

– Elmer Alex,

San Dieguito

Water District


How can RoboJar

help your plant?

Optimize Plant Process

Improve Effluent Quality

Test Full Process Water Samples

Avoid Coagulant & Metal Overdosing

Rapidly Respond to Raw Water Quality Changes

Quickly & Easily Analyze Floc Data for Chemical Dosing Decisions

Build Better Floc.

Collect data and quickly

graph important Floc Metrics

Floc Diameter

Floc Settling Rate

Floc Volume Concentration

Floc Formation Rate

Floc Particle Count

<<<

Learn more at

RoboJars.com,

or scan here.

SAFE WATER STARTS WITH

COAGULANT DOSE TESTING

RoboJar offers a streamlined

alternative as an easy-to-use benchtop

device using full process samples

to provide critical metrics like floc

diameter and floc settling velocity.

1-833-ROBOJAR (1-833-762-6527) INFO@ROBOJARS.COM ROBOJARS.COM

We have a healthy respect for sustainability.

It’s our business.

As California grows, so does its demand for clean water; and at lower costs.

In 2025, USALCO will begin construction of a new water treatment chemical

manufacturing facility in Rancho Cucamonga, CA. The facility will produce

new, highly active polyaluminum chloride (PAC) products to serve California

municipalities in need of better, cost-effective solutions in clean water practices.

usalco.com/caH2O

SOURCE - Spring 2025

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