Technology IN
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The document summarizes technology and education in Nepal. It discusses that Nepal has a weak education system with high illiteracy and a traditional technology sector. It outlines the country's education system and issues like lack of research and low pay for scientists. The document also describes Nepal's organizations for technology transfer but notes they are not effectively coordinating or modernizing the industrial sector. It concludes Nepal needs to strengthen linkages between education and industry to accelerate its technological development.
Technology IN
- 1. 대한공업교육학회 학술대회 (2011.8.27. 한국기술교육대) TECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL by Kul B. Basnet Bang-Hee Kim Jinsoo Kim 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 2. OUTLINE • INTRODUCTION I • STATUS OF EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY II • ORGANIZATION IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER III AND DEVELOPMENT • CONCLUSION IV 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 3. TECHNOLOGY Technology is organized knowledge for practical purposes (Mesthene, The role of technology in society, 1969) A method, process Study of the Applied for handling a practical or Science specific Industrial arts technical problem 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 4. Technology contd….. • Technological knowledge is not a type of formal knowledge similar to that associated with the recognized academic disciplines. • Technology makes use of formal knowledge, but its application is interdisciplinary and specific to particular activities. • Technology includes important normative, social, political, and ethical aspects, among others. • Technology is strongly associated with the application of science to the solution of technical problems. (Herschbach, D.R., Journal of Technology Education, Fall 1995) 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 5. Technology contd…. • Technology – instructive – systematic treatment of art ( or craft), combine art and technique, technique involves the practical skills of knowing and doing, more than abstract study because of the emphasis on application or doing, implies a high degree of intellectual sophistication applied to the arts and crafts, application of science(knowledge) to the making and use of artifacts, knowledge can’t be easily categorized and codified as in the case of scientific knowledge 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 6. TECHNOLOGY Fresh Graduate What matters Experienced to employers Professional 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 7. Importance Order of the Revolutionized day communication Minimizing Change the way casualties and we live reduction in property loss Maximize Improved the efficiency in living standard workplace 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 8. Technology Education • Learning by doing Purpose • Content (academic discipline related to industries and technology) Philosophy • Method (form of constructional activities) 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 9. Four factors for unsatisfactory pace of progress in developing countries: 1. High rate of illiteracy indicating a poor education system and low employment 2. Limited use of human resources 3. Strong seniority system and centralization of power 4. Mix-up of state laws and religious beliefs Which blurs the vision for science and technology. - Ahmed H. Zewail (Nobel Prize, 1999) 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 10. NEPAL Land 143,351 sqkm Water 3830 sqkm Forest • Hill & mountain • 29% • River 4000 – 83% • Main • Running length • Flat – 17% source of 45,000 km • Fresh water 2.27% of fuel and world fodder 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 11. Basic Facts • Population - 29 millions • Population growth rate – 2.24% per annum • Ethnic groups – 101 • Languages – 92 • Per capita income - $427 (2009) • Potential of hydro power, solar & wind energy • Weak in infrastructure development • Labor productivity is low 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 12. STATUS OF E&T • Before 1800 technology in civil engineering and agriculture was self-sustaining and comparable with advanced nations. • Kathmandu valley is the living example of technological history. • Basic engineering concept of pagoda-style temples origin is Nepal. • Telemedicine 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 13. EDUCATION SYSTEM Existing SSR Plan Primary (1-5) Basic education (1-8) Lower-secondary (6-8) Secondary (9-12) Secondary (9-10) After 8th pass Higher secondary (11-12) Junior Technical - 2 yrs After 10th pass Senior Technical – 4 yrs TSLC – 15-18 month Diploma – 3 yrs Bachelor Master Bachelor Ph. D. Master Ph.D. 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 14. EDUCATIONAL DATA Level Number of Public% Students Girls% School Enrollments Primary 27,532 77.3 4,502,697 47.4 Lower Secondary 8,471 67.8 1,374,796 45.7 Secondary 5,039 62.3 587,177 45.7 Higher Secondary 1,018 52.6 364,404 43.3 University Education 520 16.2 141,636 32.7 Source: Ministry of Education and Sports 2007 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 15. ISSUE • Research never becoming the university’s priority in teaching in Nepal. • Those who go for abroad study rarely return. • Scientists/faculty members are not paid well. 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 16. ORGANIZATION Technology Transfer and Development 1. Ministry of Science and Technology – 1996 (apex body) 2. Nepal Academy of Science and Technology – 1982 (advisory policy making) 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 17. Reality • Non of the institution are working in the area of information collection and advanced technology • Learning tendency and mechanism of organization is weak • Lack of coordination between industry and academia • Technology transfer obsessed with hardware part only • Lack of modernization, dynamism and innovation in industrial sector. 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 18. CONCLUSION • Make world a smaller place to live & easier, speed up lives and tend to one step ahead • Nepal should speed up transformation of higher technology level and create strong linkage between university or research centre/institute with industry. • Industrial consultancy should be emphasized, • Nepal government should create conducive environment for industrial development and technology transformation. 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수
- 19. THANK YOU 한국교원대 VeTeLab 김진수