Report Dean Ofreneo- Advancing Decent Work
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The document discusses decent work and poverty in Asia and the Pacific. It notes that nearly half the world's population lives on less than $2 per day, and poverty has created a vicious cycle. It defines decent work as opportunities for productive work with freedom, equity, security and human dignity. However, Asia faces challenges of deepening inequalities, with a growing informal and migrant workforce lacking protections. Moving forward, it argues for more inclusive trade, stronger labor institutions and protections, and enforcement of labor standards.
Report Dean Ofreneo- Advancing Decent Work
- 1. Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities- Dean Rene E. Ofreneo In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III
- 2. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities 1. Extreme poverty is widespread 2. About 2.8B people (nearly half of the world’s pop.) subsist on less than US$2/ day 3. 1/5 of children from Angola, Congo, Liberia die before 5 years old 4. Every day nearly 30K children in developing countries die 5. 17% of world pop. is undernourished 6. In Asia and Africa, 1 woman dies during childbirth every minute 7. In 2000 there were 875M illiterate adults in the world 8. There are only 4 years of average school time for children in Africa and South Asia 9. ILO states that at least 180M child laborers are either 15 y/o or younger; while 8.4M children are in slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, prostitution and pornography Poverty becomes a trap when a vicious cycle undermines the efforts of the poor, in which conditions of poverty feed on themselves and create further conditions of poverty. Stephen C. Smith- author of Ending Global Poverty and Eco prof. @ George Washington Univ.
- 3. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III What is Decent Work? Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities UN Millennium Dev. Goals: • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. • Achieve universal primary education. • Promote gender equality and empower women. • Reduce child mortality. • Improve maternal health. • Combat HIV/ AIDS, malaria and other diseases. • Ensure environmental sustainability. • Develop global partnership for development. “Decent Work are opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work under conditions of freedom, equity, and human dignity.” Somavia, J., ILO Director General, 2001 ILO (1999) described freedom, equity, security and human dignity by the following standards: (a) Opportunities for all to find any kind of work, including self- employment, family work, and wage employment in both the informal and formal sectors; (b) Freedom of choice of employment, i.e. excluding forced, bonded and slave labor and unacceptable forms of child labor; (c) Productive work, providing adequate incomes and ensuring competitiveness; (d) Equity in work, including absence of discrimination in access to and at work; (e) Security at work, as far as health, pensions and livelihoods are concerned; and (f) Dignity at work, not only in the respect that is extended to workers, but also in their freedom to join organizations which represent their interests and to voice concerns and participate in decision making about working conditions.
- 4. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities Economist Celia Reyes, PhD, (2003):The Poverty Fight: Has it Made an Impact reported the following: Philippines Malaysia Indonesia Thailand Vietnam *poverty* 1990: 19% Philippines vs. 51% Vietnam *poverty* BAD News: 1985- Poor Families @ 44.2% GOOD News: 1997- Poor Families @ 31.8% BAD News: 2000 Asian Fin. Crisis + El Nino = 33.7% Due to Increasing Population: 4.36M declared poor in 1985 Due to Increasing Population: 5.14M declared poor in 1990 Education: Poverty Incidence of 6.5% to 2.5%- college graduate GLOBALIZATION?
- 5. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities Asia: 4Billion Exceptional Trade Performance Strong Domestic Demand World Merchandise Export = 24.2% World Services Export = 17% FDI’s destination = Asia Pop. 2000 = 3.7B Pop. 2050 = 5.2B Pop. 2050 decline in JP, CH, KOR, SG Pop. 2050 INDIA overtakes CH 767M poor (-US$1) is in Asia Climate Change = Calamities 2004 Tsunami = 600K Indonesians lost their jobs 2004 Tsunami = 400K Sri Lankans lost their jobs 2004 Tsunami = 2.7M Indians lost their jobs , SOURCES: • ADB: Key Indicators 2002, op. cit. p. 34. • United Nations: World Population Prospects, The 2002 Revision (NY, 2008) • Page 14, Making Decent Work an Asian Goal- 14th Asian General Meeting. Vol. 2. ILO, Oct. 2005. • ILO Response to the Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster in the Indian Ocean, Geneva, 2005. • ILO Every Child Counts: New Global Estimates on Child Labor (Geneva, 2002). • Making Decent Work an Asian Goal- 14th Asian General Meeting. Vol. 2. ILO, Oct. 2005.
- 6. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities Introduction: WHY ASIA IS NOT FLAT 700M+ Asians are out of poverty (ADB, 2012) China = 2nd World Largest Economy (10% consistent from ‘80s) India, SKorea, Indonesia = emerging economies Failed to deliver promised decent living standards GLOBALIZATION ? Economic Injustice = Wide Gap between the Rich and the Poor Asia’s GDP Global Share = 29.2% in 2009 Joblessness = 337M jobs in 1980s vs. 176M jobs in 1990s Rise of CASUALization Unprotected Unregulated
- 7. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities Inequalities in Surging Asia Less Trade Opportunities in the Rural Areas Slow integration of Asian Countries in the Global Eco. Washington Consensus Race to the Bottom Factory Asia (growth of Informal Economy)
- 8. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities Precarious ASIA: Sea of Informals and Migrants PRECARIATS 1.) Informals 2.) Migrants 3.) Casuals Informals = 65% of non- agricultural employment (93% in India ) Migrants = looking or hired across national boundaries (214M 2010) Casual or Flexibilization of work
- 9. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities LABOR REFORMS NEO LIBERALS – free labor market; free from rigid labor regulations to create more jobs TRADE UNIONS – decent work through fair IR based on just rules of work engagement to protect the rights of workers STRICTER Implementation of Labor Laws – governments (except SKor) have relaxed labor laws ADB + WB: Social Protection – financial support to aid countries must comply with Freedom of Association, CBA, non- discrimination, elimination of child labor, non- used of forced labor among others
- 10. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities WHAT’S NEXT? MAKE Trade fair, balanced and inclusive… Put PEOPLE at the center of economic development DEVELOP coherent policies on economic, social, labor and environmental policies STRENGTHEN Labor and IR Institutions reaching the PRECARIATS EXTEND Social Protection to all ENFORCE standards of Corporate Behavior (TNCs and National Corps.) and STOP the Race To the Bottom phenomenon
- 11. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities The “Philippines was the first country the ILO supported under the DWPP (Decent Work Pilot Program).” The ILO- driven program was to test the integrated approach to decent work which was also based on the Medium- Term Philippine Development Plan for 2001- 2004. The overall aim of DWPP would have the following key results: 1. Productive employment as the sustainable route out of poverty; 2. Promoting decent work throughout all stages of life; 3. Establishing rights at work and good governance; 4. Addressing discrimination and vulnerabilities; 5. Strengthening tripartism and social dialogue; 6. Responding to crises, disasters and conflicts. Sources: Page 5, Making Decent Work an Asian Goal- 14th Asian General Meeting. Vol. 1. ILO, Oct. 2005. Page 29, Making Decent Work an Asian Goal- 14th Asian General Meeting. Vol. 1. ILO, Oct. 2005. Page 32, Decent Work in South- East Asia and the Pacific, ILO, Oct. 2003.
- 12. In partial completion of IR220- HRD @ the National Level Prof. ROSA MERCADO By Alfredo V. Primicias III Asia and the Pacific: Advancing Decent Work Amidst Deepening Inequalities In 2002- 2003, the Philippines has reported “successful results in promoting policy and institutional support in the informal economy. The project built on good practices that were already in place and thus took an incremental approach towards instituting policy, legal and institutional reforms.” “In the Philippines, the Decent Work agenda has been widely used to express employment aspirations and policy goals.” It was during the employment summit in March 2001 when then President Gloria Arroyo made a deliberate declaration that employment is on top of her development agenda, or so called the Philippine Medium Term Development Plan 2001- 2004 that includes, “promoting full, decent and productive employment.” Sources: Page 5, Making Decent Work an Asian Goal- 14th Asian General Meeting. Vol. 1. ILO, Oct. 2005. Page 29, Making Decent Work an Asian Goal- 14th Asian General Meeting. Vol. 1. ILO, Oct. 2005. Page 32, Decent Work in South- East Asia and the Pacific, ILO, Oct. 2003.