Perils of Perception December 2018
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The 2018 Ipsos Perils of Perception survey highlights significant discrepancies between public perceptions and actual statistics across 37 countries on various issues, including gun violence, energy consumption, immigration, and sexual harassment. The survey indicates that many respondents, particularly in the U.S., tend to overestimate certain statistics, such as the proportion of immigrants and the perception of gun-related deaths. Conducted with over 28,000 interviews, the findings underscore widespread misperceptions about societal issues worldwide.
![4Perils of Perception | 2018
41% 22% 37%
66% 18% 16%
68% 19% 13%
68% 14% 18%
40% 24% 36%
76% 16% 8%
64% 20% 16%
57% 28% 15%
58% 33% 9%
16% 47% 37%
52% 22% 26%
38% 51% 10%
32% 32% 36%
23% 34% 43%
18% 32% 50%
37% 25% 38%
23% 28% 49%
44% 27% 29%
24% 25% 52%
33% 25% 42%
4% 42% 54%
17% 28% 55%
27% 29% 44%
13% 34% 54%
7% 34% 59%
4% 39% 57%
20% 42% 38%
16% 36% 48%
14% 33% 53%
5% 32% 63%
6% 30% 63%
8% 35% 57%
11% 25% 64%
6% 23% 71%
3% 25% 71%
Q. Thinking about people
who are killed by other
people, in [COUNTRY] in
2015, do you think more
people were killed by
firearms, sharp objects such
as knives or other physical
violence? Choose the one
option that you think
resulted in the most deaths
A majority of Americans believe
firearms cause the most deaths
from physical violence.
4%
6%
6%
7%
8%
10%
10%
10%
11%
12%
12%
13%
21%
21%
21%
21%
23%
24%
24%
30%
32%
39%
40%
46%
51%
53%
56%
56%
57%
58%
58%
59%
75%
81%
84%
48%
41%
71%
59%
52%
46%
46%
30%
34%
61%
39%
30%
35%
48%
60%
32%
33%
44%
34%
24%
34%
28%
30%
25%
17%
30%
21%
14%
12%
33%
14%
14%
10%
9%
5%
48%
53%
23%
34%
40%
45%
45%
59%
55%
27%
49%
58%
45%
31%
19%
47%
44%
32%
41%
46%
34%
33%
30%
29%
31%
18%
23%
30%
31%
9%
29%
28%
14%
10%
11%
Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources.
saying other violencesaying knivessaying firearms
Actual %
Firearms
Actual %
Knives
Actual %
Other
Montenegro
Mexico
Brazil
United States
Serbia
Colombia
Thailand
Argentina
Turkey
South Africa
Peru
Chile
Canada
Netherlands
Sweden
France
Malaysia
Italy
India
Switzerland
China
Denmark
Belgium
New Zealand
Russia
Romania
Spain
Australia
Germany
Singapore
Hungary
Poland
Great Britain
Japan
South Korea
Country
Majority guessed correctly Highest percentage](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/perilsofperception2018chartsfinalusashort-181206170510/85/Perils-of-Perception-December-2018-4-320.jpg)
![5Perils of Perception | 2018
Q. Thinking about people
who are killed by other
people, in [COUNTRY] in
2015, do you think more
people were killed by
firearms, sharp objects such
as knives or other physical
violence? Choose the one
option that you think
resulted in the most deaths
In countries with high levels of
deaths by firearms, people tend
to guess correctly. Though in
places like the US and Colombia,
the public still underestimate the
level of gun violence relative to
other forms of interpersonal
violence.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
% PEOPLE KILLED BY FIREARMS (2015)
Actual % of deaths by firearms
%guessingfirearms](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/perilsofperception2018chartsfinalusashort-181206170510/85/Perils-of-Perception-December-2018-5-320.jpg)
![6Perils of Perception | 2018
Q. What do you think the
occupancy level of prisons
in [COUNTRY] is? By
occupancy level, we mean,
how full do you think
prisons in your country are,
with 0 being empty,100
being full and 200 being at
double the capacity
Countries with higher levels of
prison over-crowding tend to
have higher estimates of the level
of over-crowding too
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 50 100 150 200 250
Actual %
Averageguess%
PRISON OVERCROWDING (100% = FULL CAPACITY)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/perilsofperception2018chartsfinalusashort-181206170510/85/Perils-of-Perception-December-2018-6-320.jpg)
![8Perils of Perception | 2018
Malaysia
Saudi Arabia
China
Singapore
Belgium
United States
Great Britain
Hong Kong
Netherlands
South Korea
Mexico
Japan
New Zealand
Australia
Italy
Argentina
Russia
Thailand
Canada
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
Denmark
France
Colombia
South Africa
Peru
Poland
Chile
Hungary
India
Germany
Brazil
Romania
Serbia
Sweden
Montenegro
Q. What percentage of total
energy consumed in
[COUNTRY] comes from
renewable sources?
Renewable sources can be
defined as those that are
not depleted when used,
such as wind or solar power.
The majority of countries
overestimate the amount of
energy used that comes from
renewable sources. Americans
overestimate by 17%.
Avg. guess
(26)
Actual
(18)
Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources.
Country
39 5
28 <1
36 12
23 1
26 9
26 9
24 9
16 1
22 6
19 3
30 17
19 6
44 31
21 9
28 17
21 10
14 3
33 23
31 22
24 16
32 25
20 13
39 33
20 13
28 24
22 17
29 26
15 12
26 25
17 16
33 36
29 36
34 44
23 38
15 21
32 53
15 43
+34%
+28%
+24%
+22%
+17%
+17%
+16%
+16%
+16%
+16%
+13%
+13%
+13%
+12%
+12%
+11%
+11%
+10%
+9%
+8%
+7%
+7%
+6%
+6%
+5%
+5%
+3%
+3%
+1%
+1%
-3%
-6%
-7%
-10%
-15%
-21%
-28%
too high% point diff. between avg. guess & actualtoo low](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/perilsofperception2018chartsfinalusashort-181206170510/85/Perils-of-Perception-December-2018-8-320.jpg)
![10Perils of Perception | 2018
Montenegro
Singapore
Hong Kong
Saudi Arabia
Switzerland
Netherlands
United States
Germany
Great Britain
Japan
France
South Korea
Canada
China
Denmark
Sweden
Australia
New Zealand
Poland
India
Belgium
Russia
Chile
Serbia
Italy
Spain
Thailand
Turkey
Malaysia
Mexico
Colombia
Brazil
Hungary
Peru
Romania
South Africa
Argentina
Q. Thinking about
[COUNTRY], where do you
think you rank in the
world’s top 200 countries?
So if you think your country
is the biggest economy in
the world, you would rank it
1, and if you think it’s the
smallest from these 200,
you’d rank it 200.
Surprisingly, the average
American is unaware that their
country is the largest economy in
the world.
Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources.
Country
Avg. guess
(70)
Actual
(28)
+13
+6
+1
+0
-1
-2
-4
-5
-7
-7
-9
-9
-10
-10
-13
-13
-18
-19
-39
-43
-50
-55
-57
-58
-61
-66
-75
-83
-83
-85
-86
-91
-93
-95
-98
-112
-129
150 163
30 36
30 31
20 20
20 19
20 18
5 1
9 4
12 5
10 3
15 6
20 11
20 10
12 2
46 33
35 22
30 12
70 51
62 23
50 7
74 24
68 13
100 43
150 92
69 8
80 14
101 26
100 17
120 37
100 15
127 41
100 9
150 57
145 50
150 52
150 38
150 21
too highRanking diff. between avg. guess & actualtoo low](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/perilsofperception2018chartsfinalusashort-181206170510/85/Perils-of-Perception-December-2018-10-320.jpg)
![12Perils of Perception | 2018
Colombia
South Africa
Peru
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Malaysia
Turkey
Mexico
Thailand
India
Romania
Spain
Canada
Italy
Belgium
Russia
France
Germany
China
United States
Netherlands
Poland
Sweden
Serbia
Australia
Japan
South Korea
Great Britain
Hungary
Denmark
New Zealand
Montenegro
Switzerland
Hong Kong
Singapore
Saudi Arabia
Q. Out of every 100 people
in [COUNTRY] about how
many do you think are
immigrants (i.e. not born in
[COUNTRY])?
In line with previous Perils
studies, nearly all countries
hugely overestimate the
proportion of immigrants in their
country. Americans overestimate
the proportion of immigrants in
the country by 14%.
Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources.
Country
Avg. guess
(28)
Actual
(12)
34 0.3
38 7
30 0.3
30 0.4
33 5
31 3
36 9
32 6
26 1
29 5
24 0.4
23 1
31 10
40 21
28 10
29 11
25 8
27 12
30 15
14 0.1
29 15
26 12
16 2
30 18
21 9
41 29
14 2
14 2
24 13
15 5
22 12
32 23
18 11
35 30
37 39
41 46
27 37
+34%
+31%
+30%
+30%
+28%
+28%
+27%
+26%
+25%
+24%
+23%
+22%
+21%
+19%
+18%
+18%
+17%
+15%
+15%
+14%
+14%
+14%
+14%
+12%
+12%
+12%
+12%
+12%
+11%
+10%
+10%
+9%
+7%
+5%
-2%
-5%
-10%
too hightoo low % point diff. between avg. guess & actual](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/perilsofperception2018chartsfinalusashort-181206170510/85/Perils-of-Perception-December-2018-12-320.jpg)
![13Perils of Perception | 2018
South Africa
Belgium
Thailand
Canada
France
India
Russia
Germany
Brazil
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Italy
Denmark
Australia
Montenegro
Singapore
United States
Great Britain
Serbia
New Zealand
Romania
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Peru
Argentina
Malaysia
China
Hungary
South Korea
Hong Kong
Poland
Japan
Turkey
Q. Out of every 100 people
in [COUNTRY], about how
many do you think are
Muslim?
People significantly overestimate
the proportion of Muslims in
their country. Just 1% of
Americans are Muslim. However,
the average citizen believes that
number to be 14%.
Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources.
Country
Avg. guess
(20)
Actual
(8)
26 2
27 5
25 4
22 3
28 9
32 14
27 10
21 4
16 <1
20 5
19 4
23 8
20 5
19 5
18 4
17 3
27 13
28 14
14 1
17 4
16 3
11 1
10 <1
9 <1
9 <1
8 <1
8 <1
10 2
69 61
9 2
7 <1
7 <1
10 4
5 <1
4 <1
84 99
+24%
+22%
+21%
+19%
+19%
+18%
+17%
+17%
+16%
+15%
+15%
+15%
+15%
+14%
+14%
+14%
+14%
+14%
+13%
+13%
+13%
+10%
+10%
+9%
+9%
+8%
+8%
+8%
+8%
+7%
+7%
+7%
+6%
+5%
+4%
-15%
too high% point diff. between avg. guess & actualtoo low](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/perilsofperception2018chartsfinalusashort-181206170510/85/Perils-of-Perception-December-2018-13-320.jpg)
![14Perils of Perception | 2018
36 80
38 73
44 75
51 81
37 60
40 60
31 51
63 81
50 68
30 42
21 32
41 50
30 32
Denmark
Netherlands
France
United States
Germany
Belgium
Italy
Sweden
Great Britain
Hungary
Poland
Spain
Romania
Q. Out of every 100 women
in [COUNTRY] how many do
you think say they have
experienced any form of
sexual harassment *since the
age of 15?
All countries underestimate levels
of sexual harassment in their
country. In Denmark, the
Netherlands, France and the US
we see the greatest
underestimates.
Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources.
Country
Avg. guess
(39)
Actual
(60)
-44%
-35%
-31%
-30%
-23%
-20%
-20%
-18%
-18%
-12%
-11%
-9%
-2%
too high% point diff. between avg. guess & actualtoo low
*For the USA ‘since the age of 15?’ was not included in the
question wording due to the definition of the actual source](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/perilsofperception2018chartsfinalusashort-181206170510/85/Perils-of-Perception-December-2018-14-320.jpg)
Perils of Perception December 2018
- 1. Perils of Perception | 2018 © 2016 Ipsos. All rights reserved. Contains Ipsos' Confidential and Proprietary information and may not be disclosed or reproduced without the prior written consent of Ipsos. 1 PERILS OF PERCEPTION 2018
- 2. Perils of Perception | 2018 2 ARE NOT PERCEPTIONS REALITY… These are the latest findings from the Ipsos Perils of Perception survey. The results highlight how wrong people across 37 countries are about some key issues and features of the population in their country.
- 3. Perils of Perception | 2018 3 CRIME
- 4. 4Perils of Perception | 2018 41% 22% 37% 66% 18% 16% 68% 19% 13% 68% 14% 18% 40% 24% 36% 76% 16% 8% 64% 20% 16% 57% 28% 15% 58% 33% 9% 16% 47% 37% 52% 22% 26% 38% 51% 10% 32% 32% 36% 23% 34% 43% 18% 32% 50% 37% 25% 38% 23% 28% 49% 44% 27% 29% 24% 25% 52% 33% 25% 42% 4% 42% 54% 17% 28% 55% 27% 29% 44% 13% 34% 54% 7% 34% 59% 4% 39% 57% 20% 42% 38% 16% 36% 48% 14% 33% 53% 5% 32% 63% 6% 30% 63% 8% 35% 57% 11% 25% 64% 6% 23% 71% 3% 25% 71% Q. Thinking about people who are killed by other people, in [COUNTRY] in 2015, do you think more people were killed by firearms, sharp objects such as knives or other physical violence? Choose the one option that you think resulted in the most deaths A majority of Americans believe firearms cause the most deaths from physical violence. 4% 6% 6% 7% 8% 10% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 21% 21% 21% 21% 23% 24% 24% 30% 32% 39% 40% 46% 51% 53% 56% 56% 57% 58% 58% 59% 75% 81% 84% 48% 41% 71% 59% 52% 46% 46% 30% 34% 61% 39% 30% 35% 48% 60% 32% 33% 44% 34% 24% 34% 28% 30% 25% 17% 30% 21% 14% 12% 33% 14% 14% 10% 9% 5% 48% 53% 23% 34% 40% 45% 45% 59% 55% 27% 49% 58% 45% 31% 19% 47% 44% 32% 41% 46% 34% 33% 30% 29% 31% 18% 23% 30% 31% 9% 29% 28% 14% 10% 11% Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources. saying other violencesaying knivessaying firearms Actual % Firearms Actual % Knives Actual % Other Montenegro Mexico Brazil United States Serbia Colombia Thailand Argentina Turkey South Africa Peru Chile Canada Netherlands Sweden France Malaysia Italy India Switzerland China Denmark Belgium New Zealand Russia Romania Spain Australia Germany Singapore Hungary Poland Great Britain Japan South Korea Country Majority guessed correctly Highest percentage
- 5. 5Perils of Perception | 2018 Q. Thinking about people who are killed by other people, in [COUNTRY] in 2015, do you think more people were killed by firearms, sharp objects such as knives or other physical violence? Choose the one option that you think resulted in the most deaths In countries with high levels of deaths by firearms, people tend to guess correctly. Though in places like the US and Colombia, the public still underestimate the level of gun violence relative to other forms of interpersonal violence. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% % PEOPLE KILLED BY FIREARMS (2015) Actual % of deaths by firearms %guessingfirearms
- 6. 6Perils of Perception | 2018 Q. What do you think the occupancy level of prisons in [COUNTRY] is? By occupancy level, we mean, how full do you think prisons in your country are, with 0 being empty,100 being full and 200 being at double the capacity Countries with higher levels of prison over-crowding tend to have higher estimates of the level of over-crowding too 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 50 100 150 200 250 Actual % Averageguess% PRISON OVERCROWDING (100% = FULL CAPACITY)
- 7. Perils of Perception | 2018 7 ENVIRONMENT
- 8. 8Perils of Perception | 2018 Malaysia Saudi Arabia China Singapore Belgium United States Great Britain Hong Kong Netherlands South Korea Mexico Japan New Zealand Australia Italy Argentina Russia Thailand Canada Spain Switzerland Turkey Denmark France Colombia South Africa Peru Poland Chile Hungary India Germany Brazil Romania Serbia Sweden Montenegro Q. What percentage of total energy consumed in [COUNTRY] comes from renewable sources? Renewable sources can be defined as those that are not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power. The majority of countries overestimate the amount of energy used that comes from renewable sources. Americans overestimate by 17%. Avg. guess (26) Actual (18) Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources. Country 39 5 28 <1 36 12 23 1 26 9 26 9 24 9 16 1 22 6 19 3 30 17 19 6 44 31 21 9 28 17 21 10 14 3 33 23 31 22 24 16 32 25 20 13 39 33 20 13 28 24 22 17 29 26 15 12 26 25 17 16 33 36 29 36 34 44 23 38 15 21 32 53 15 43 +34% +28% +24% +22% +17% +17% +16% +16% +16% +16% +13% +13% +13% +12% +12% +11% +11% +10% +9% +8% +7% +7% +6% +6% +5% +5% +3% +3% +1% +1% -3% -6% -7% -10% -15% -21% -28% too high% point diff. between avg. guess & actualtoo low
- 9. Perils of Perception | 2018 9 ECONOMY
- 10. 10Perils of Perception | 2018 Montenegro Singapore Hong Kong Saudi Arabia Switzerland Netherlands United States Germany Great Britain Japan France South Korea Canada China Denmark Sweden Australia New Zealand Poland India Belgium Russia Chile Serbia Italy Spain Thailand Turkey Malaysia Mexico Colombia Brazil Hungary Peru Romania South Africa Argentina Q. Thinking about [COUNTRY], where do you think you rank in the world’s top 200 countries? So if you think your country is the biggest economy in the world, you would rank it 1, and if you think it’s the smallest from these 200, you’d rank it 200. Surprisingly, the average American is unaware that their country is the largest economy in the world. Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources. Country Avg. guess (70) Actual (28) +13 +6 +1 +0 -1 -2 -4 -5 -7 -7 -9 -9 -10 -10 -13 -13 -18 -19 -39 -43 -50 -55 -57 -58 -61 -66 -75 -83 -83 -85 -86 -91 -93 -95 -98 -112 -129 150 163 30 36 30 31 20 20 20 19 20 18 5 1 9 4 12 5 10 3 15 6 20 11 20 10 12 2 46 33 35 22 30 12 70 51 62 23 50 7 74 24 68 13 100 43 150 92 69 8 80 14 101 26 100 17 120 37 100 15 127 41 100 9 150 57 145 50 150 52 150 38 150 21 too highRanking diff. between avg. guess & actualtoo low
- 11. Perils of Perception | 2018 11 POPULATION
- 12. 12Perils of Perception | 2018 Colombia South Africa Peru Brazil Argentina Chile Malaysia Turkey Mexico Thailand India Romania Spain Canada Italy Belgium Russia France Germany China United States Netherlands Poland Sweden Serbia Australia Japan South Korea Great Britain Hungary Denmark New Zealand Montenegro Switzerland Hong Kong Singapore Saudi Arabia Q. Out of every 100 people in [COUNTRY] about how many do you think are immigrants (i.e. not born in [COUNTRY])? In line with previous Perils studies, nearly all countries hugely overestimate the proportion of immigrants in their country. Americans overestimate the proportion of immigrants in the country by 14%. Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources. Country Avg. guess (28) Actual (12) 34 0.3 38 7 30 0.3 30 0.4 33 5 31 3 36 9 32 6 26 1 29 5 24 0.4 23 1 31 10 40 21 28 10 29 11 25 8 27 12 30 15 14 0.1 29 15 26 12 16 2 30 18 21 9 41 29 14 2 14 2 24 13 15 5 22 12 32 23 18 11 35 30 37 39 41 46 27 37 +34% +31% +30% +30% +28% +28% +27% +26% +25% +24% +23% +22% +21% +19% +18% +18% +17% +15% +15% +14% +14% +14% +14% +12% +12% +12% +12% +12% +11% +10% +10% +9% +7% +5% -2% -5% -10% too hightoo low % point diff. between avg. guess & actual
- 13. 13Perils of Perception | 2018 South Africa Belgium Thailand Canada France India Russia Germany Brazil Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland Italy Denmark Australia Montenegro Singapore United States Great Britain Serbia New Zealand Romania Chile Colombia Mexico Peru Argentina Malaysia China Hungary South Korea Hong Kong Poland Japan Turkey Q. Out of every 100 people in [COUNTRY], about how many do you think are Muslim? People significantly overestimate the proportion of Muslims in their country. Just 1% of Americans are Muslim. However, the average citizen believes that number to be 14%. Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources. Country Avg. guess (20) Actual (8) 26 2 27 5 25 4 22 3 28 9 32 14 27 10 21 4 16 <1 20 5 19 4 23 8 20 5 19 5 18 4 17 3 27 13 28 14 14 1 17 4 16 3 11 1 10 <1 9 <1 9 <1 8 <1 8 <1 10 2 69 61 9 2 7 <1 7 <1 10 4 5 <1 4 <1 84 99 +24% +22% +21% +19% +19% +18% +17% +17% +16% +15% +15% +15% +15% +14% +14% +14% +14% +14% +13% +13% +13% +10% +10% +9% +9% +8% +8% +8% +8% +7% +7% +7% +6% +5% +4% -15% too high% point diff. between avg. guess & actualtoo low
- 14. 14Perils of Perception | 2018 36 80 38 73 44 75 51 81 37 60 40 60 31 51 63 81 50 68 30 42 21 32 41 50 30 32 Denmark Netherlands France United States Germany Belgium Italy Sweden Great Britain Hungary Poland Spain Romania Q. Out of every 100 women in [COUNTRY] how many do you think say they have experienced any form of sexual harassment *since the age of 15? All countries underestimate levels of sexual harassment in their country. In Denmark, the Netherlands, France and the US we see the greatest underestimates. Please see http://perils.ipsos.com/ for full details of all sources. Country Avg. guess (39) Actual (60) -44% -35% -31% -30% -23% -20% -20% -18% -18% -12% -11% -9% -2% too high% point diff. between avg. guess & actualtoo low *For the USA ‘since the age of 15?’ was not included in the question wording due to the definition of the actual source
- 15. PERILS OF PERCEPTION | 2017 15 • These are the findings of the Ipsos MORI Perils of Perception Survey 2018. 28,115 interviews were conducted between 28th September – 16th October 2018. • The survey is conducted in 37 countries around the world, via the Ipsos Online Panel system in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong (SAR, China), Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey and the USA. The following countries used either online or face-to-face methodologies: Montenegro, Serbia. • Approximately 1000 individuals aged 16-64 or 18-64 were surveyed in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Mexico, Montenegro, Serbia, Singapore, Spain and the USA. Approximately 2000 individuals aged 16-64 were surveyed in Japan. Approximately 500 individuals aged 16-64 were surveyed in Argentina, Belgium, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Hungary, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand and Turkey. • 21 of the 37 countries surveyed online generate nationally representative samples in their countries (Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong (SAR, China), Hungary, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United States). • Brazil, Colombia, China, Chile, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Africa, Thailand and Turkey produce a national sample that is more urban & educated, and with higher incomes than their fellow citizens. We refer to these respondents as “Upper Deck Consumer Citizens”. They are not nationally representative of their country. • The “actual” data for each question is taken from a variety of verified sources. A full list of sources/links to the actual data can be found here. • Where results do not sum to 100 or the ‘difference’ appears to be+-1 more/less than the actual, this may be due to rounding, multiple responses or the exclusion of don't knows or not stated responses. • Data are weighted to match the profile of the population.
- 16. PERILS OF PERCEPTION | 2017 16 For more information, please contact: Clifford Young Clifford.Young@Ipsos.com @cliffayoung Nicolas Boyon Nicolas.Boyon@ipsos.com @nicboyon Chris Jackson Chris.Jackson@ipsos.com @jcbjackson 2018 PERILS OF PERCEPTION