Introduction to Enterprise Architecture
- 1. 18 September 2013 1 Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture Definition, Applications, Technology Leo Shuster Director, IT Architecture Nationwide Insurance
- 2. 18 September 2013 2 Enterprise Architecture Disclaimers Many competing perspectives on Enterprise Architecture exist – this just one of them There is no single, agreed upon Enterprise Architecture standard Information presented here will not make you an instant Enterprise Architecture expert This presenter should not be held liable for any misconceptions, misrepresentations, or mistakes you make outside of class based on the information presented here
- 3. 18 September 2013 3 Enterprise Architecture The Architecture Continuum Enterprise Architecture (City) Portfolio Architecture (Street) System Architecture (Building) If enterprises were cities… Architecture Continuum
- 4. 18 September 2013 4 Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture & the Enterprise Enterprise Strategy Fire and hope! Enterprise Architecture Business Operating Environment and IT Infrastructure Transition Planning Architecture Governance Bus Architecture IT Architecture AEI Corporate Yankee Group Saturn Group Yarn Division Knits Division Seneca Plant Raleigh Plant Cash Management Shipping Accounting Component Design Yarn Buying Order Entry Component Scheduling Yarn Dyeing Inventory Assortment Planning Component Knitting Tagging & Packing Business Structure Business Locations Classically, EA is the “planning” function between strategy formulation and delivery… ProgramfocusEnterprisewidefocus Strategy Planning Design and Delivery Change Programs Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc. Program Architecture Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc. Program Architecture Enterprise Architecture = “the city plan” System Design = “the buildings” Strategy = “the city’s purpose & goals”Technology Availability Business Opportunity Bus Strategy IT Strategy “Do the Right Things” “Do the Right Things Right”
- 5. 18 September 2013 5 Enterprise Architecture What is Enterprise Architecture? MIT Center for Information Systems Research (2007) • Enterprise architecture is the organizing logic for business processes and IT infrastructure reflecting the integration and standardization requirements of the company's operating model Enterprise Architecture Research Forum • Continuous practice of describing the essential elements of a socio-technical organization, their relationships to each other and to the environment, in order to understand complexity and manage change Gartner (2013) • Discipline for proactively and holistically leading enterprise responses to disruptive forces by identifying and analyzing the execution of change toward desired business vision and outcomes. EA delivers value by presenting business and IT leaders with signature-ready recommendations for adjusting policies and projects to achieve target business outcomes that capitalize on relevant business disruptions. • EA is used to steer decision making toward the evolution of the future state architecture. The Open Group • Enterprise architecture (EA) is the definition and representation of a high-level view of an enterprise‘s business processes and IT systems, their interrelationships, and the extent to which these processes and systems are shared by different parts of the enterprise US Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) • Enterprise architecture is a management practice to maximize the contribution of an agency’s resources, IT investments, and system development activities to achieve its performance goals. • Architecture describes clear relationships from strategic goals and objectives through investments to measurable performance improvements for the entire enterprise or a portion (or segment) of the enterprise.
- 6. 18 September 2013 6 Enterprise Architecture What is Enterprise Architecture? Simple definition: Enterprise Architecture is a strategy to minimize IT and business mistakes
- 7. 18 September 2013 7 Enterprise Architecture What is NOT Enterprise Architecture? System Architecture and Design Coding Standards and Practices Database Design IT Governance Enterprise Architecture is a discipline that spans the entire enterprise but does not dive into the minutia of project delivery
- 8. 18 September 2013 8 Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture Objectives Align business and IT strategies Increase business and IT agility Establish and refine future architecture vision Govern technology decisions and direction The primary goal of EA is to make the organization as efficient and effective as possible!
- 9. 18 September 2013 9 Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture Benefits Business • Better business and IT alignment • Increased business agility • Business process efficiency • Reduced time to market IT • Increased standardization and technology alignment • Platform consolidation • Technology and application portfolio simplification Financial • Better return on existing investment and reduced risk for future investment • Cost savings • Predictable investment model
- 10. 18 September 2013 10 Enterprise Architecture Objectives and Benefits of EA - Survey
- 11. 18 September 2013 11 Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture Program Cost focus Value focus EA is a journey, often non-linear Tactical, opportunistic Strategic, systematic Cost Reduction What do we have? Need all of it? Consolidate to reduce costs? Desire for impact analysis Standardization Develop standards and recommended best practices (e.g. technology stacks, server platforms) Seeking repeatability Encourage IT evolution Focusing on IT scope only Broaden Scope Meet business needs by linking IT to business Managing architectures outside IT Increasing focus on business architecture and business processes Realizing Strategy Develop business strategy Value propositions, capabilities, resources? Refine into to-be Compare to as-is Create transition plan Execute Enterprise Architecture has to be treated as an ongoing program that continues to evolve together with the organization
- 12. 18 September 2013 12 Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture Frameworks • Many Enterprise Architecture frameworks have been created – Zachman Enterprise Framework – The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) – OMB Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) – The Gartner Methodology (formerly the Meta Framework) – Many others • Each framework possesses different strengths and weaknesses – No ideal framework for all situations – Each framework has to be customized to fit the organization EA Frameworks typically include: •Common vocabulary, models, and taxonomy •Processes, principles, strate gies and tools •Reference architectures and models •Prescriptive guidance (EA processes, architecture content, implementation roadmap, governance) •Catalog of architecture deliverables and artifacts •Enterprise Architecture Content Metamodel
- 13. 18 September 2013 13 Enterprise Architecture EA Frameworks - Zachman
- 14. 18 September 2013 14 Enterprise Architecture EA Frameworks - TOGAF
- 15. 18 September 2013 15 Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture Components • Enterprise Architecture consists of several logical components – Each component must identify its own strategies, reference models, and directions • EA serves as a governance function – Architecture Review Board – Processes and policies – Technology – Funding • EA Repository – Central repository for all EA artifacts * Based on Oracle Enterprise Architecture Framework
- 16. 18 September 2013 16 Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture Lifecycle Create the Enterprise Architecture vision and program structure Document current state architecture Develop future state architecture Create a roadmap of transitioning from current state to future state Establish and execute governance processes Develop business case(s) for the initiative(s) identified on the roadmap EA lifecycle is a series of continuous iterations over these phases * Based on Oracle Enterprise Architecture Framework
- 17. 18 September 2013 17 Enterprise Architecture EA and IT Governance • IT governance is a set of processes and policies that dictate how IT work should be performed • EA governance is a set of processes and policies that dictate how technology decisions are made • IT and EA governance domains intersect in the project delivery space * Courtesy of ebizQ
- 18. 18 September 2013 18 Enterprise Architecture EA Governance * Based on TOGAF Alignment • Enterprise Architecture establishes a number of governance mechanisms – Architecture Board serves as a governance body ensuring IT initiatives align with EA – CTO and/or Chief Architect provide stewardship and guidance – Enterprise Architects develop policies, practices, and processes that the Architecture Board supports • Enterprise Architecture and IT leadership ensures alignment with business goals, strategies, and objectives
- 19. 18 September 2013 19 Enterprise Architecture EA Governance - Technology Enterprise Architecture Opportunity Identification Opportunity Validation Technology Guidance Design Review Identify opportunities to leverage enterprise platforms Validate platform usage opportunities Validate solution design to ensure appropriate use of technology Guide efforts towards the most appropriate technology platform
- 20. 18 September 2013 20 Enterprise Architecture Measuring Enterprise Architecture Value No single, comprehensive set of Enterprise Architecture metrics exist. Each organization has to develop metrics most relevant to its EA objectives.
- 21. 18 September 2013 21 Enterprise Architecture Q & A
- 22. 18 September 2013 22 Enterprise Architecture About the Author About •Leo Shuster directed Enterprise Architecture and SOA for a number of organizations including Nationwide Insurance, National City Corporation, and Ohio Savings Bank •Presented on Enterprise Architecture, SOA, BPM, and related topics at a number of conferences •MS in Computer Science and Engineering from CWRU and MBA from Cleveland State Publications •Blog: http://leoshuster.blogspot.com •SOA Governance Book with Thomas Erl: http://www.amazon.com/SOA-Governance- Governing-Premise-Service-Oriented/dp/0138156751 •Service-Driven Approaches to Architecture and Enterprise Integration Book: http://www.igi- global.com/book/service-driven-approaches-architecture-enterprise/74192 Contact Info •E-mail: leo@incipienttech.com •LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/leoshuster
Editor's Notes
- #2: Agenda:BPM Value propState of BPMPath to integrated BPMBusinessIT